I was reading an article by Alison Motluk in the spring issue of the U of T magazine, wherein she compares Kenya and Canada on the basis of women who die "as a direct result of carrying a child". She cites the number of 1 out of every 133 women in rural Kenya, and 1 out of every 12,500 in Canada. The difference, of course, is staggering, but the meaning of "direct result of carrying a child" is not made clear. Does Motluk mean during childbirth itself, or is she referring to the entire duration of the pregnancy, childbirth and post-childbirth included?
Although the meaning in the article was not clear, the numbers were enough to send me off on a quest of my own. What I found was interesting; hopeful and disappointing all at the same time.
Looking at the deaths during childbirth, I found that my own country, Canada, has posted numbers that have remained more or less static for thirty years. Seven women died per 100,000 live births in 1980, and the number in 2008 was the same. We do pretty well, compared to the rest of the world, where women in Italy seem to have it the best, with only four women dying before, during or after childbirth in 100,000 cases in 2008. Pity the women of Afghanistan, however, where the worst rate sees 1,575 maternal deaths for every 100,000 births. As of 2010, Kenya's maternal mortality rate is 578 per 100,000 live births. (Finding these figures added to my confusion about the numbers quoted in Motluk's article. She needs to be more clear.)
The numbers I have quoted are from a 2010 study reported in the British medical journal,
The Lancet. In an editorial on the study, editor Richard Horton wrote that "
the apparent failure to reduce maternal mortality during 20 years of the Safe Motherhood movement has been one of the most deforming scars on the body of global health." He went on to say political leaders are failing to make women's health issues a priority.
Of course they are. Women are the oppressed of the oppressed. Look at how they are treated as little more than property owned by some male in far too many countries. The late UNICEF Executive Director, James P. Grant, used the term ‘the apartheid of gender’ to describe the conditions under which so many women today toil, and an apt term it is. Illustrating examples are so distressingly abundant. In 12 Latin American countries, for instance, the courts and society will completely exonerate a rapist if his victim marries him, something which most of the victims' families pressure them to do, in order to restore the perceived family honour. In such an atmosphere, how can women expect their health while they carry a baby to be of significant import to their country's political leaders?
In another example of this apartheid of gender, women work in the fields in the Democratic Republic of Congo, under the constant threat of being abducted and raped repeatedly. Girls as young as 5 are treated in this horrific manner. Sticks and guns are sometimes forced into their vaginas and when the rapists tire of this particular brutality, the guns are sometimes fired. Such behaviour has not been stamped out by the government. Sing me no songs of how difficult it might be for the government to find the perpetrators of this evil. If the women of the country were truly valued and equal citizens thereof, it would be brought to an immediate halt and much example would be made of any captured culprits. No, the truth of the matter in the Congo is that the name they give to their country is a bold-faced lie. Nothing more. There is no democracy there. There is no democracy in any country where such examples of violence directed at women and disregard for their welfare hold true.
In any country where women are property, how can anyone expect their health while they carry a baby to be of significance to the political leaders? Their health is unimportant because they themselves are unimportant. Until the world sees every woman as being every bit as important as every man, the failure to reduce maternal mortality will continue to be the "
embarrassment to global health leaders" that Morton terms it. The Safe Motherhood movement will continue to be simply empty words for too many women.